High efficiency lubricants



Patented Apr. 20, 1948 HIGH EFFICIENCY LUBRICANTS John M. Musselman,

South Euclid, Ohio, assignor to The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Application October 13, 1941,

Serial No. 414,783

l This invention relates to lubricants, and it is among the objects of the invention to provide lubricants for usage under severe conditions, as high temperature, internal combustion engines, high pressures, etc. Other objects and advantages will appear as the description proceeds.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, comprisesthe features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments'of the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

In accordance with the invention, arsenic compounds and the like, of reaction products of waxes and sulphides of phosphorus are provided. starting with a wax or ester of a higher monohydric alcohol (sterol) with a fatty acid, reaction is carried out thereon by a sulphide of phosphorus. Thus, such waxes as degras, lanolin, carnauba, Japan wax, sperm oil, etc. may be employed. The normally non-liquid waxes are particularly advantageous. The sulphide of phosphorus may be the pentasulphide, sesqui-sulphide, etc., and reaction is effected at elevated temperature, around 300 F. preferably, although somewhat higher or lower temperatures may be applied in some cases. Generally, about an hour at a temperature of 300 F. is satisfactory for the reaction, and after the reaction is completed, sludge may be separated. Then this product is converted to a compound of arsenic or the like by reacting with an oxide thereof or other suit= able compound, at a temperature of 200 to 300 F. for about an hour. Other metals which are below iron or copper in the E. M. F. series may be employed as well as arsenic, these being such as antimony, bismuth, mercury, silver, etc; and similarly, as well as arsenic trioxide, may be employed antimony oxide, mercuric oxide, etc., in general in amounts of 5 to per cent, or somewhat more or less, depending upon the particular duty in view for the lubricant. Such lubricant can be employed directly for extreme pressure gear usages etc., or it can be mixed with oils, as for instance heavy steam refined lubri-' eating stock. And in general, the amount of the.

metal compound may be 0.01 to 100 per cent in various usages.

As an example: Neutral degras is heated with about per cent of phosphorus pentasulphide at approximately 300 F. for an hour. Sludge is 17 Claims. ((1252-3231)- oxide, and the product, substantially tree of phosphorus, is then reacted with about 5 per cent of arsenic trioxide at a temperature of about 250 F. for an hour. The resulting product is clear, and all constituents combined. This product in amount oi 1 per cent incorporated in a Mid-Continent lubricating oil of S. A. E. 20 grade, and subjected to test in an Ethyl Gasoline Corp. model, test engine, operating with full load at 1200 R. P. M. with high octane fuel, and sump temperature 300 F., and jacket temperature 212 F., showed the following results: After 100 hours continuous run, the sludge in the oil was 0.80 per cent, theacid number 1.40, the viscosity increase 182, and the piston was entirely free from lacquer. The S. A. E. 20 oil alone similarly tested by a runof only'20 hours showed 4 per cent sludge, acid number 2.0, viscosity increase 413, and lacquer deposit on the piston 80.0 mg.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details described, provided the features stated in any oithe following claims, or the equivalent of such, be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention.

1. A compound of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

2. A lubricant comprising a lubricating oil containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under-conditions of usage, said additive comprising a compound of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

3. A compound 01' arsenic and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

4. A compound oi antimony and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

separated, this being largely phosphorus pent- 5. A compound of chromium and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

6. A compound of a heavy metal selected irom the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and the reaction product of a sulphide o1 phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

7. A lubricant comprising a. lubricating oil containing an additive in an amount to improve the stability of the oil under conditions of usage, said additive comprising a compound of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series and the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

8. A compound of arsenic and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperatureto separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

9. A compound of antimony and the reaction product or a sulphide of phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

10. A compound of chromium and the reaction product oi a sulphide of phosphorus and degras reacted at a temperature to separate a phosphorus and oxygen-containing residue.

11. A compound of a heavy metal not above chromium in the E. M. F. series and the reaction product of a sulphide of phosphorus and an oxygen-containing wax.

12. The process for making a composition 01' matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with an oxygen-containing wax at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-containing compound which separates in a residue. removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting saidproduct with a compound of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series to form the corresponding metal compound of said first reaction product.

13. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting phosphorus pcntasulphide with an oxygen-containing wax at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-contaming compound which separates in a residue, removing said residue from the reaction product. and reacting said product with a compound of a heavy metal selected from the group consisting of chromium and metals below iron in the E. M. F. series to form the corresponding metal compound of said first reaction product.

14. The process for making a composition 01' matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an 4 addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-containing compound which separates in a residue, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with azcompound of a metal not above chormium in the E. M. F. series to form the corresponding metal compound of said first reaction product.

15. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting. a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-cvrtaining compound which separates in a residue, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with a compound of arsenic to form an arsenic compound of said first reaction product.

16. The process for making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-containing compound which separates in a residue, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with a compound of antimony to form an antimony compound of said first reaction product.

17. The process of making a composition of matter suitable for use as a lubricant or as an addition agent to improve the characteristics of lubricating oil, comprising reacting a sulphide of phosphorus with degras at a temperature to convert the phosphorus in the sulphide to a phosphorus and oxygen-containing compound which separates in a residue, removing said residue from the reaction product, and reacting said product with a compound of chromium to form a chromium compound of said first reaction product.

JOHN M. MUSSELMAN.

. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,237,096 Dearborn Apr. 1, 1941 2,263,445 Reiff Nov. 18, 1941 2,257,751 Lincoln Oct. '7, 941

FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 521,656 Great Britain May 28, 940

OTHER REFERENCES Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 21st ed.,'

Hodgman, page 965. 

